Something that was instrumental in my return to and subsequent acquisition of knowledge of anime was the burgeoning community surrounding anime blogs. When I first got into currently airing anime, blogs were the first things that came up when looking for information about a show. As I dug deeper, I found a ton of content and I eventually became acquainted with a number of bloggers.
If you're interested in learning more about anime, then you should pick up some blogs. What sorts of things can you find?
Reviews
This is probably what most people are familiar with when it comes to anime blogs. It's not really what I look for though, especially now that I'm familiar with what I like or dislike.
News
There are a few anime blogs that are devoted to news. These sorts of things are usually Japan-centric, like new anime announcements and things about the Japanese industry. Usually, the interesting thing is when the bloggers inject some commentary as well. Also good for getting numbers.
Episodics
This is the thing that really built anime blogging. Episodic blogging with summaries and impressions are really useful for checking out new shows. I find that these are much more helpful than reviews in determining whether you want to watch a show. I used to read a lot of these when I was getting back into anime, but like I mentioned already, I know what I like now and am pretty good at choosing shows based on very little information. Reading these is useful to get a second opinion, especially once you get to understand the various bloggers' tastes.
Industry (Business)
Why is anime dying? How does anime make money? Why doesn't the industry do x? There are a bunch of bloggers who occasionally delve into the money-concerned side of the industry. Most of what I've read has to do with the Japanese side of things simply because that's ultimately where everything is affected, although there is sometimes some commentary about why licensors dance their dance the way they do.
Industry (Production)
This is about the people who make the shows you watch. There's some really good stuff about various directors and their influences or studios and their histories. There is also a lot of stuff about seiyuu and composers and mangaka and many people that you might be interested in. A lot of the time, it includes discussions about their works.
Analysis
And this is my favourite type of post. Basically, people talk about anime and a lot of them are very good at it. I'm sure there are more words typed than you would care to read about heroism and idealism in Fate/stay night. Or you could read the role of time and the use of symbols in Hidamari Sketch. How about the difference in the portrayal of violence and mankind between the UC and AU Gundams? There's a ton of great discussions like these, about things like the themes of a show and how a show is constructed, and there's likely something for almost any show you can think of.
So that was a lot of words, so I won't be going through my gigantic list of blog feeds to fish out and categorize all of my anime blogs. However, I'll gladly post some if someone asks for something specific. Also, this way, I can goad you into also talking about whatever blogs you follow so that there can be some kind of discussion going on. It's win/win!